MFA (Multi-Factor Authentication)
A second proof of identity — usually a code or app prompt — on top of your password.
Why it matters: Stops the vast majority of account takeovers, even when a password leaks.
Entra ID
Microsoft's identity service (formerly Azure AD) that holds your staff logins.
Why it matters: It controls who can sign in to email, Teams, SharePoint and company devices.
Conditional Access
Rules that decide when a login is allowed — by location, device or risk level.
Why it matters: Blocks sign-ins from places or devices your business never uses.
Endpoint
Any device a person uses: laptop, desktop, phone or tablet.
Why it matters: Most incidents start on an endpoint, so this is where protection matters most.
EDR / Endpoint Protection
Modern antivirus that also detects suspicious behaviour and reports centrally.
Why it matters: Someone actually sees the alert instead of it sitting on one laptop.
Patching
Applying vendor updates to operating systems, apps and network gear.
Why it matters: Unpatched software is the most common way attackers get in.
VLAN
A way of splitting one physical network into separate logical networks.
Why it matters: Keeps guests, cameras and phones away from your business systems.
VPN
An encrypted tunnel into your office network from outside it.
Why it matters: Lets staff work remotely without exposing internal systems to the internet.
Firewall
The device that controls what traffic can enter and leave your network.
Why it matters: An ISP modem is not a firewall — rules and logging matter.
PoE (Power over Ethernet)
Power delivered over the same cable that carries network data.
Why it matters: Powers access points, phones and cameras without extra power outlets.
SPF / DKIM / DMARC
DNS records that prove your email really came from you.
Why it matters: Without them your mail lands in junk and others can spoof your domain.
SharePoint / OneDrive
Microsoft's cloud file storage — shared company files and personal files.
Why it matters: Where your documents actually live once you move off a local server.
RPO / RTO
How much data you can afford to lose, and how quickly you need to be back up.
Why it matters: These two numbers decide what your backup design needs to look like.
Least Privilege
Everyone gets only the access their job needs — nothing extra.
Why it matters: Limits the damage when any single account is compromised.
SLA
A written commitment to response and resolution times.
Why it matters: It's the difference between 'we'll get to it' and a measurable promise.
Phishing
A fake message designed to trick someone into handing over credentials or money.
Why it matters: Still the number one entry point for attacks on small business.
Asset Register
A current list of every device, licence, warranty and who has it.
Why it matters: You can't secure, budget for or replace what you can't see.
Zero Trust
An approach that verifies every request instead of trusting the internal network.
Why it matters: Reflects reality now that staff and data both live outside the office.